Assets
Put files in mods/<id>/assets/. On each launch the loader copies them to:
resources/webroot/mod-assets/<id>/resources/webroot/js/<id>/assets/(legacy path some mods still read)
The page gets:
window.HW_MOD_ASSETS = [
{id: 'my-mod', base: './mod-assets/my-mod/', files: ['animate/character9.png']}
];
Electron webRequest rewrites matching stock assets-* URLs to your copies when the file names line up. That is how a PNG overlay can replace a vanilla sheet without editing the asar.
window.HW_MOD_CATALOG lists {id, name, web} for enabled mods. HWMod.mods reads that list.
Do not put Happy Wheels game files inside a mod zip.